Infrastructuring repatriation: The Philippine sending state and the return of migrant workers caught in disruptions

Recent crises signal a timely consideration of how sending state regimes can be understood in their complexity beyond the dominant themes labour brokerage and export existing literature. This article calls for an expanded analysis states by attending to understudied role disruption-induced returns, particularly repatriation. Examining case Philippines, it argues that interplay actors, institutions policies country not only systematically deploys Filipino migrant workers, but also configures repatriation infrastructure mediates return during distress situations. Based on qualitative interviews with over 30 study analyses regulatory, collaborative adaptive interactions within facilitate returns trigger critical challenges complications. The discussion shows figures workings state, shaped dynamic assemblage power relations shifting operations migration governance.